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हिदी

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हिदी - Hindi

स्वर - Swara - VOWELS -

-----------व्यञ्जन - Wyanjan - Consonant -------------- मात्रा - Matra

क ka	ख kha	ग ga	घ gha	ङ nga
च cha	छ chha	ज ja	झ jha	ञ nya
ट ta	ठ tha	ड da	ढ dha	ण arha
त ta	थ tha	द da	ध dha	न na
प pa	फ pha	ब ba	भ bha	म ma
१:1 ek	२:2 do	३:3 teen	४:4 chaar	५:5 Paanch
६:6 chhaha	७:7 saat	८:8 aath	९:9 now	१०:10 das

य ya	र ra	ल la	व wa
श sja	ष sha	स sa	ह ha
क्ष ksha	त्र tra	ज्ञ jyna
ड़ r	ढ़ rh	ज़ z	फ़ f

आ	ा	aa	माता- Maataa
इ	ि	e	पिता - Pitaa
ई	ी	ee	सीता - Seetaa
उ	ु	u	पुत्र - Putra
ऊ	ू	oo	जूता - Jootaa
ऋ	ृ	ri	अमृत - Amrit
ए	े	e	केला - Kelaa
ऐ	ै	ai	मैदान - Maidaan
ओ	ो	o	बोल - Bol
औ	ौ	ou	मौता - Mousaa
अं	ं	ang	जंगल - Jangal
अः	ः	ah	दःख - Duahkha

Take it easy - don't let the learning of Hindi stress you out, relax now and then by blowing some bubbles.
More English Hindi and meaning

Contents

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Contents

Hindi Numerals

Present Tense
वर्तमान काल
Back to Contents Present tense is formed with the help of the different forms of होना (honaa). The present tense of होना has two forms.होना - to be

1st Form

	Singular - एकवचन	Plural - बहुवचन
1st P. 2nd P. 3rd P. 4	मैं हूँ । (Mai hoo) I am तू है । (Too hai) Thou art वह है । (Waha hai) He is वह है । (Waha hai) She is	हम है । (Ham hai) We are तुम हो । (Tum ho) You are आप है । (Aap hai) You are वे है (Way hai) They are

Remember
(i) आप (aap) is the honoric form of तुम (tum). It is used to show respect. Use it for elders and strangers.
(ii) Use हूँ (hoon) with मैं (main), and हो (ho) with तुम (tum).
(iii) Don't forget the dots. They change singular into plural.
(iv) With the nouns laways use Third Person verbs in singular and plural.

Exercise 1 - अभ्यास १
Back to Contents (1) Use correct verbs in the blanks:

१. मैं छोटा ...... ।	५. यह किताब...... ।
२. तुम चालाक...... ।	६. वे कहाँ...... ।
३. लड़की बीमार...... ।	७. तुम बुरे...... ।
४. हम छोटे...... ।	८. तु खराब......।

(2) Put the correct subject:
Subjects to be used: हम, तुम, आप, वे, वह, लड़का, मैं.

१. ......... वहाँ है ।	५. ......... बरे है ।
२. ......... लड़के हो ।	६. ......... खुश हुँ ।
३. ......... बड़ि है ।	७. ......... आदनी है ।
४. ........... नौकार हुँ ।	८. ......... कैसे हो ?

(3) Translate into English: अंग्रजी में अनुवाद कीजिए ।

१. मैं लड़का हुँ ।	२. तुम आदमी हो ।	३. वह औरत है ।
४. वे नौकर है ।	५. हम चवरासी है ।	६. यह कलम है ।
७. वह मेज़ है ।	८. वे अध्यापक हैं ।	९. वह क्या है ।
१० वे कौन हैं ?	११ आप क्या है ?	१२ तुमहरा नाम क्या है ?

(4) Translate into Hindi: हिन्दी में अनुवाद कीजिए ।

1. I am a man.	2. You are a student.
3.She is my sister.	4. He is sick.
5. They are thieves	6. This is my house.
7. We are friends.	8. Those poems are good.
9. That is a big table.	10. These books are costly.

How to translate: The order of words:
(a) The subject comes first.
(b) The verb comes last.
(c) A qualifying workd is placed just before the word it qualifies.
(d)Nominative adjectives (the words qualifying the subject) used predicatively (placed after the ver in English) are placed after the subject.

Example:

(c) (a) (b) (c)

This
यह
(yaha) horse
घोड़ा
(ghora) is
है
(hai) black
काला
(kaalaa)

This horse is black - यह घोड़ा काला है ।

Words & Meaning 1 - शब्दार्थ
Back to Contents

Hindi	Gender	Eng.trans	Meaning	Hindi	Gender	Eng.trans	Meaning
छोटा	m. s.	Chhotaa	small	छोटी	f. s.& p.	chhotee	small
छोटे	m. p.	chhotay	small	चालाक		chaalaak	clever
लड़की	f.	larkee	a girl	लड़का	m. s.	larkaa	a boy
लड़के	m. p.	larkay	boys	बीमार		beemaar	sick
यह		yaha	this	वह		waha	that
किताब	f.	kitaab	a book	कहाँ		kahaa	where
कौन		kown	who	क्या		kyaa	what
बुरे		bure	bad	खराब		kharaab	bad
नोकार	m. s.	noukar	servant(s)	खुश		Khush	glad
बड़ा	m. s.	baraa	big	बड़े	m. p.	bare	big
बड़ी	f. s. & p	baree	big	आदमी	m. s.& p.	aadamee	man/men
कैसे		kaise	how	औरत	f.	aurat	a woman
मेज़	f.	mayza	table	चपरासी	m.	chaparaasee	a peon
अध्यापक	m.	adhyaapak	a teacher	कलम	f.	kalam	a pen
विध्यार्थि	m.	vidhyaarthi	student	विध्यर्थिनी	f.	vidhyaarthini	student
बहिन	F.	bahin	sister	चोर	m.	chor	theives
मेरा, मेरे, मेरी		meraa, mere, meree	my	घर	m.	ghar	house
दोस्त, मित्र	m.	dost, mitra	friends	वे		way	those
अच्छा, (छे), (छी)		ach-chha, (chhe), (chhee)	good	से		ye	these
कीमती		keematee	costly	पानी		paanee	water

N.B. - Adjectives ending in आ (aa) change in ए (ay) when they qualify a masculine noun in plural and into ई (ee) when they qualify a feminine noun in singular or plural, e.g.
A good man - अच्छा आदमी (achchha aadamee) - - - good men - अच्छे आदमी (achchhay aadamee).
A good woman - अच्छी औरत (achchhee ourat) - - - good women - अच्छी औरतें (achchhee ouratay).

M (m) Masculine ------3rd P - third Person
F (f) - Feminie ----------S or s - Singular
Ist P - First Person------P or p - Plural
2nd P - Second Person

Present Indefinite Tense - सामान्य वर्तमान काल
Back to Contents
होना (honaa) - to be
2nd Form To have this form:
(i) get the present participle to the verb. The present participle is formed by adding
ता (taa) to the root of the verb in masculine singular
ते (te) to the root of the verb in masculine plural
ती (tee) to the root of the verb in feminine singular and plural.
Te root of the verb is got by dropping ना (naa) from the infinitive. Hindi infinitive ends in ना (naa).

(ii)Use with this present participle the first form of होना (honaa) as the helping verb.

Illustration - उदाहरण

Infinitive	Root	Present Participle	Helping verb	Tense
होना (honaa)	हो (ho)	होता, होते, होती (hotaa, hotay, hotee)	है, हैं, हो, हूँ (hai, hain, ho, huun)	होता है, होते है, etc.(hotaa hai, hotay hain, etc.)

Full conjugation of होना (honaa)

Singular (एकवचन)

Plural (बहुवचन)

1st Person

मैं होता हूँ । (m.) I am becomes हम होते हैं । (m.) We are

मैं होती हीँ । (f.) I am becomes हम होती हैं । (f.) We are

2nd P.

तू होता है । (m.) Thou art तुम होते हो । (m.) You are

तू होती है । (f.) Thou art तुम होती । (f.) You are
आप होते हैं । (m.) You are
आप होती हैं । (f.) You are

3rd P.

वह होता है । (m.) He is वे होते हैं । (m.) They are

वहोती है । (f.) She is वे होती हैं । (f.) They are.

English sentences, having 'is' and 'are' as the chief verbs, may be translated into Hindi in two ways, using the two forms of होना (honaa) given above.

The Correct way of using the two forms:
(a) है, हो, etc. are used when something is said about,
(i) a particular individual fact: e.g.
The earth is round. ज़तीन गोल है ।
(ii)an action which took place only once: e.g.
The boy is sick. कड़का बीमार है ।
(iii) an individual out of a group: e.g.
This cow is black. यह गाय काली है ।

(b) होता है, होते हैं, etc. are used when something is said,
(i)about some universal truth, e.g.
A planet is round. ग्रह गोल होता है ।
(ii) about an action which take place often, e.g.
The boy is often sick. कड़का अकसर बीमार होता है ।
(iii) about a group in general. e.g.
Some cows are black. कुछ गाएँ काला होता है ।

Explanation:
(१)कुछ गाएँ काली हैं । Some cows are black.
(२) कुछ गाभँ काली होती हैं । Some cows are black.

The 'cows' in the first sentence are the black cows amongst the other cows of different colours. The second sentence says about the colour of some cows in the world which are black.

Excercise II (अभ्यास २
Back to Contents (1)Supply the correct verb, using either है (hai), हैँ (hain), etc. or होता है (hotaa hai), होते हैँ (hotay hain), etc. and translate into English.

१. गेँद गोल ............. ।	६. कोयला काला .............. ।
२. यह आम मीठा ............. ।	७. यह शहर छोटा ............. ।
३. तोता हर .............. ।	८. कच्चआम खट्टा
४. समुद्र का पानी खारा ............ ।	९. पत्थर कड़ा ............ ।
५. आकाश नीला .............. ।	१०आग बतुत गरम ........... ।

(2) Translate into Hindi: (हिँनदी मेँ अनुवाद कीजिए ।)

1. A sea is deep.	2. Some men are very honest.
3. Why are you often absent?	4. The dog is an animal.
5. These are good boys.	6. The dog is a faithful animal.
7. Hair is black.	8. Bones are hard.
9. My servants are industrious	10. Some girls are very naughty
11. A good boy is truthful.	12. This elephant is very big.

Words & Meaning 2 - शब्दार्थ - २
Back to Contents

Hindi	Gender	Eng.trans	Meaning	Hindi	Gender	Eng.trans	Meaning
गेँद	m.	Gaind	a ball	गोल		gol	round
आम	m.	aam	mango	मीठा		chaalaak	sweet
तोता	m.	totaa	a parrot	हरा		haraa	green
समुद्र	m.	samudra	sea	खारा		khaaraa	salty
पानी	m.	paanee	water	का		kaa	of
आकाश	m.	aakaash	sky	नीला		neelaa	blue
कोयला	m.	koyalaa	coal	काला		kaalaa	black
शहर	m.	shahar	city	कच्चा		kachchaa	raw
खट्टा		khattaa	sour	पत्थर	m.	patthar	stone
कड़ा	.	karaa	hard	आग	f.	aag	fire
बहुत		bahut	very	गरम		garam	hot
गहरा		gaharaa	deep	कुछ		kuchh	some
ईमानदार, सत्ता (चे)		eemaanadaar, sachchaa (ay)	honest	क्यों		Kyon	why
अकसर, बहुधा		aksar/bahudhaa	often	गैरहाजिर अनुपस्थित		gairahaajir anupasthita	absent
ये		ye	these	कुत्ता	m.	kuttaa	dog
जानवर	m.	jaanwar	animal	वफ़ादार स्वामिभक्त		waphaadaar swaamibhakt	faithful
वाल	m.	waal	hair	हडिया	f.	hadiyaa	bones
काड़		karaa	hard	मेहनती, परिश्त्रमी		mehanatee, parishtramee	industrious
कड़कियाँ	f.	larkiyaan	girls	नटखट		natkhat	naughty
यह		yaha	this	हाथी	m.	haathee	Elephant

Present Indefinite Tense Contd.>>>>>>>>>>>>>